Method of and apparatus for forming permanent waves



' July 31, 1928. 1,678,983

E. N. HALL a METHOD 0F AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING PERMANENT WAVES Filed July 15, 1927 IN V EN TOR.

A TTORNEYS.

Patented July 31, 1928.

UNITED STATES I r 1,678,983 A PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD NELSON HALL, OF MEADVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING PERMANENT WAVES.

Application filed July 13,

handling such high temperatures as are necessary in the heating elements which are locally applied. Further the number of elements which can be simultaneously applied is somewhat limited. In the present invention these difficulties are obviated by generating the vapor, 01' steam independently of the different wave forming units and conveying it to the point of application and in thus having the ability to control the quantity and temperature of the application and thus preventing excess temperatures and injury to the hair. This reduces the size of c .l the units and permits of the simultaneousv application of a large quantity of them. It also provides a simple and convenient method for introducing the softening chemicals as these may be placed in the conduit and taken up by the initial moist steam and be thus carried to the point of application. Features and details of the invention will appear from the specification and claims.

A preferred eXemplifica-tion of the apparatus forming the subject matter of the invention and with which the metliod may be practiced is illustrated in the accompanying drawing as follows:

Fig. 1 shows a sectional viewofthe generator with one of the units attached.

Fig. 2 an enlarged view of a unit in place.

1 marks the head having the growing or attached hair 2 which is to be waved.

A' tube 3 is provided around which is coiled a strand of hair 4. The tube is provided with a head '5 in which is arranged a slot 6. This slot facilitates the fastening of a binding cord 7. a The tube has discharge perforations '8 at the inner end.

A surrounding tube 9 of prepared paper is provided and the inner endof the tube is closed by a clamp 10. Any suitable' elosure may be used, the clamp shown beinga simple means of accomplishing this purpose. The outer end of the tube is connected by a joint 11 with a flexible tube l2'through which steam is delivered to the central/ube 3.

1927. Serial No. 205,490.

The flexible tube is connected to a passage 13 leading from the steam chamber, or manifold 14. This manifold 14 has a largenumber of discharge passages 13 to which the tubes 12 may be attached and e21chq assage is controlled by a needle valve 15, the needle valves being arranged radially around the chamber.

A generator 16 may be heated in any preferable manner but as shown by an electric heating element-17 supplied with current by line wires 18. Steam passes from the generator by way of a pipe 19 to a superheated coil 20, the super-heated coil being electrically heated by an element 21 supplied with current by the lines 22. Steam passes from the superheater to the chamber 14. In order to supply the hair with the proper softening chemicals, such as borax or sodium carbonate, a porous material impregnated with the softening material is arranged in the conduit passage, preferably in the tube 3. As shown this is a small brush similar to brushes ordinarily used for cleaning tubes. This brush is loaded with the softening material prepared in solution which adheres to the brush as it dries.

The steam leaving the chamber encountering the comparatively cold flexible tube bein condition to pick up the softening material in the form' of a solution and carry it forward through the discharge passages 8 and into the hair. As the connections becomes more or less moist and consequently is come hotter drier steam is delivered and the f generator.

What I claim as new is 1. The method of forming permanent waves in attached hair which consists in confining and enclosing the hair in a Wave-producing formation; generating the vapor at a point remote from the hair; superheating the v vapor vapor; and conveying the superheated into the enclosed hair.

' I I (V erator; a superheater connected with waves in attached 2. In an apparatus for forming permagenerator; and a and supplying vapor from the superheater to the space between the tube and conduit.

3. In an apparatus for forming permanent hair, the combination with means for confining and enclosing the hair in wave producing formation, of a vapor generator, a superheater in communication therewith and means for conve m the vapor from the superheater to the said hair 2" hair in wave producing formation, of

Y por confining, and enclosing means.

L-In an apparatus for forming permanent waves in attached hair, the combination Will)h means for confining and enclosing the a vapor generator, a su iierheater in communication therewith, a manifold in communication with the superheater, and means for conveying the vapor from the manifold to thesaid hair confining and enclosing means.

5. Inan apparatus for forming permanent waves in attached hair, the combination with devices for confining and enclosing the hair in wave producing formation, of a vapor generator, a super heater in communication therewith, and means for conveying the vapor from the superheater to the said hair confining and enclosing devices.

6. In an apparatus for forming permanent waves in attached hair, the combination with devices for confining and enclosing the hair in wave producing formation, of a vagenerator, a. superheater in communication therewith, a manifold in communication with thesuperheater, and passages for conveying the vapor from the manifold to the said hair confining and enclosing devices.

7. In .an apparatus for forming permanent waves in attached hair, the combination with devices for confining and enclosing the hair in wave producing formation, including perforated tubes around which the hair may be coiled and enclosures therefor, of a vapor generator, a superheater in communication therefor, and means for conveying the vapor from the superheater to the said tubes.

8. In an apparatus for forming permanent waves in attached hair, the combination with devices for confining and enclosing the hair in wave producing formation, including perforated tubes around which the hair may be coiled and enclosures therefor, of a vapor generator, a superheater in communication therewith, a manifold in communication with the superheater, and passages for conveying the vapor from thesuperheater to the. said tubes.

9. In an apparatus for forming permanent waves in attached hair, a vapor generator. a superheater in communication there- 65 with, and means for conveying the vapor from the superheater to the hair. a

10. In an apparatus for forming permanent waves in attached hair, a vapor generator, a superheater in communication therewith, a manifold in communication with the superheater, and passages for conveying the vapor from the manifold to the hair.

11. The method of forming permanent waves in attached hair which consists in confining and enclosing the hair in wave producing formation, generating vapor at a point remote from the hair, superheating the vapor and conveying it to the hair.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto so set my hand.

EDWARD NELSON HALL. 

